Appwrite 2026：开源 Firebase 替代方案 — 认证、数据库与存储自托管后端完整指南

mkdir ~/appwrite && cd ~/appwrite

# 下载官方 compose 文件 (v1.6.x)
curl -o docker-compose.yml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/appwrite/appwrite/1.6.1/docker-compose.yml
curl -o .env https://raw.githubusercontent.com/appwrite/appwrite/1.6.1/.env

# 编辑 .env 中的关键变量
sed -i 's/_APP_ENV=production/_APP_ENV=production/' .env
sed -i 's/_APP_CONSOLE_WHITELIST_ROOT=enabled/_APP_CONSOLE_WHITELIST_ROOT=enabled/' .env

# 设置你的域名（测试时可用 localhost）
sed -i 's|_APP_DOMAIN=localhost|_APP_DOMAIN=api.yourdomain.com|' .env
sed -i 's|_APP_OPTIONS_ABUSE=enabled|_APP_OPTIONS_ABUSE=enabled|' .env

# 首先将域名指向云服务器 IP
export _APP_DOMAIN=api.yourdomain.com
export _APP_ENV=production
export _APP_OPTIONS_FORCE_HTTPS=enabled

docker compose up -d --remove-orphans

# 检查所有服务是否健康
watch docker compose ps

# 注册 root 用户（第一个注册用户自动成为管理员）
curl -X POST http://localhost/v1/account \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"userId":"unique()","email":"admin@example.com","password":"SecurePass123!","name":"Admin User"}'

npm install appwrite@16.1.0

import { Client, Account, Databases, ID } from 'appwrite';

const client = new Client()
  .setEndpoint('https://api.yourdomain.com/v1')  // 你的 API 端点
  .setProject('your-project-id');                // 你的项目 ID

const account = new Account(client);
const databases = new Databases(client);

// 匿名登录快速测试
const session = await account.createAnonymousSession();
console.log('Session created:', session.$id);

// 在集合中创建文档
const doc = await databases.createDocument(
  'your-database-id',
  'your-collection-id',
  ID.unique(),
  { title: 'Hello Appwrite', status: 'active', priority: 3 }
);
console.log('Document ID:', doc.$id);

pip install appwrite==6.1.0

from appwrite.client import Client
from appwrite.services.databases import Databases
from appwrite.id import ID

client = Client()
client.set_endpoint('https://api.yourdomain.com/v1')
client.set_project('your-project-id')
client.set_key('your-api-key')  # 从控制台获取的服务端 API 密钥

databases = Databases(client)

# 创建文档
doc = databases.create_document(
    database_id='your-database-id',
    collection_id='your-collection-id',
    document_id=ID.unique(),
    data={'title': 'From Python', 'status': 'active', 'score': 95.5}
)
print(f"Created document: {doc['$id']}")

# 带查询条件的列表查询
results = databases.list_documents(
    database_id='your-database-id',
    collection_id='your-collection-id',
    queries=['equal("status", "active")', 'greaterThan("score", 90)', 'limit(10)']
)
print(f"Found {results['total']} matching documents")

# pubspec.yaml
dependencies:
  appwrite: ^15.0.0

import 'package:appwrite/appwrite.dart';

class AppwriteService {
  late final Client client;
  late final Account account;
  late final Databases databases;

  AppwriteService() {
    client = Client()
      .setEndpoint('https://api.yourdomain.com/v1')
      .setProject('your-project-id')
      .setSelfSigned(status: true); // 仅开发环境使用
    account = Account(client);
    databases = Databases(client);
  }

  Future<Session> login(String email, String password) async {
    return await account.createEmailPasswordSession(
      email: email,
      password: password,
    );
  }

  Future<Document> createTask(String title) async {
    return await databases.createDocument(
      databaseId: 'your-database-id',
      collectionId: 'tasks',
      documentId: ID.unique(),
      data: {'title': title, 'done': false, 'created_at': DateTime.now().toIso8601String()},
    );
  }
}

cd ~/.n8n/custom && npm install n8n-nodes-appwrite
# 重启 n8n

{
  "nodes": [{
    "parameters": {
      "operation": "createDocument",
      "databaseId": "prod-db",
      "collectionId": "events",
      "data": {
        "event_type": "={{ $json.type }}",
        "payload": "={{ JSON.stringify($json) }}"
      }
    },
    "name": "Appwrite Log",
    "type": "n8n-nodes-appwrite.document",
    "typeVersion": 1
  }]
}

// src/main.js
import { Client, Databases, Messaging } from 'node-appwrite';

export default async ({ req, res, log, error }) => {
  const client = new Client()
    .setEndpoint(process.env.APPWRITE_FUNCTION_API_ENDPOINT)
    .setProject(process.env.APPWRITE_FUNCTION_PROJECT_ID)
    .setKey(req.headers['x-appwrite-key']);

  const databases = new Databases(client);
  const messaging = new Messaging(client);

  // 解析事件载荷
  const eventData = JSON.parse(req.body);
  const orderId = eventData.$id;
  const userId = eventData.userId;
  const total = eventData.total;

  log(`Processing order ${orderId} for user ${userId}`);

  try {
    // 发送推送通知
    await messaging.createPush(
      ID.unique(),
      'Order Confirmed',
      `Your order #${orderId.slice(-6)} for $${total} is confirmed.`,
      [],
      [userId]
    );

    return res.json({ success: true, orderId });
  } catch (err) {
    error(`Failed: ${err.message}`);
    return res.json({ success: false, error: err.message }, 500);
  }
};

# 安装 Appwrite CLI
npm install -g appwrite-cli@6.2.0

# 登录
appwrite login --endpoint https://api.yourdomain.com/v1 --project your-project-id

# 部署函数
appwrite push function --id order-processor --source ./order-processor

# 在 docker-compose.yml 的 services 下添加
redis:
  image: redis:7-alpine
  restart: unless-stopped
  volumes:
    - redis-data:/data

# 添加到 .env
_APP_REDIS_HOST=redis
_APP_REDIS_PORT=6379

#!/bin/bash
# backup.sh — 通过 cron 每 6 小时运行一次
BACKUP_DIR=/backups/appwrite
TIMESTAMP=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR

# 备份 MariaDB
docker exec appwrite-mariadb mysqldump -u root -p"$DB_ROOT_PASSWORD" --all-databases \
  | gzip > $BACKUP_DIR/mariadb_$TIMESTAMP.sql.gz

# 备份环境配置
cp .env $BACKUP_DIR/env_$TIMESTAMP

# 同步到 S3（可选）
aws s3 sync $BACKUP_DIR s3://your-backup-bucket/appwrite/ --delete

# 只保留最近 7 天
find $BACKUP_DIR -mtime +7 -delete

// 授予基于团队的权限
await databases.createDocument(
  'prod-db',
  'projects',
  ID.unique(),
  { name: 'Secret Project', budget: 50000 },
  [
    Permission.read(Role.team('managers')),
    Permission.update(Role.team('managers')),
    Permission.delete(Role.team('admins')),
    Permission.create(Role.users())
  ]
);

# prometheus.yml
scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'appwrite'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['appwrite:80']
    metrics_path: '/_metrics'

# 初始化 swarm
docker swarm init

# 部署堆栈
docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml appwrite

# 扩展函数执行器
docker service scale appwrite_appwrite-executor=5