n8n AI 自动化 — 无需代码构建智能工作流

# 传统工作流（确定性）
trigger: new_email_received
  → parse_subject
  → if contains "invoice":
      → save_to_drive
      → notify_accounting

# AI 代理（概率性、基于推理）
trigger: new_support_ticket
  → AI_classify_priority(ticket)
  → if priority == "high":
      → AI_summarize(ticket)
      → AI_draft_response()
      → human_review_queue
  → else:
      → auto_reply_with_knowledge_base

# 选项 1：Docker（推荐用于自托管）
docker run -d \
  --name n8n \
  -p 5678:5678 \
  -v ~/.n8n:/home/node/.n8n \
  n8nio/n8n

# 选项 2：npm
npm install -g n8n
n8n start

# 选项 3：云（托管）
# 访问 app.n8n.cloud 获取托管选项

{
  "n8n": {
    "host": "0.0.0.0",
    "port": 5678,
    "security": {
      "authCookie": true,
      "disableCors": false
    },
    "database": {
      "type": "sqlite",
      "path": "~/.n8n/database.sqlite"
    },
    "ai": {
      "defaultProvider": "openai",
      "model": "gpt-4o-mini",
      "temperature": 0.7
    }
  }
}

# LLM 节点配置
{
  "nodeType": "aiLLM",
  "parameters": {
    "model": "claude-sonnet-4-202603",
    "prompt": "将此客户消息分类：\n{{ $json.message }}\n\n类别：支持、销售、投诉、咨询",
    "outputKey": "classification"
  }
}

# 嵌入节点配置
{
  "nodeType": "aiEmbedding",
  "parameters": {
    "model": "text-embedding-3-large",
    "input": "{{ $json.document_text }}"
  }
}

{
  "nodeType": "aiImageGen",
  "parameters": {
    "provider": "dall-e-3",
    "prompt": "{{ $json.description }}",
    "size": "1024x1024",
    "quality": "hd"
  }
}

workflow = {
    "auto_steps": [
        "classify_ticket",
        "search_knowledge_base",
        "draft_response"
    ],
    "human_gate": [
        "approve_response",      # 人类必须在发送前批准
        "escalate_urgent"        # 人类决定升级
    ],
    "final_auto": [
        "send_approved_email",
        "log_to_crm"
    ]
}

# 将批次拆分为块
items = split_in_batches(data, batch_size=10)

# 并行处理每个批次
parallel_results = [
    process_batch(batch) for batch in items
]

# 合并结果
final_result = merge_parallel(parallel_results)

workflow_config = {
    "retry": {
        "maxAttempts": 3,
        "backoffMultiplier": 2,
        "initialDelayMs": 1000
    },
    "onError": {
        "strategy": "continue",  # 或 "stop", "send_alert"
        "alertChannel": "slack",
        "alertMessage": "工作流失败：{{ $json.error }}"
    }
}

if condition_a:
    execute_workflow_a()
elif condition_b:
    execute_workflow_b()
else:
    execute_default()

# 任何 REST API 的通用 HTTP 节点
{
  "nodeType": "httpRequest",
  "parameters": {
    "method": "POST",
    "url": "https://api.example.com/v1/data",
    "headers": {"Authorization": "Bearer {{ $env.API_KEY }}"},
    "body": {
      "input": "{{ $json.user_input }}",
      "context": "{{ $json.context }}"
    }
  }
}

# 优化慢速工作流
optimization_strategies = {
    "batch_processing": "一次处理 100 个项目而不是 100 次单独运行",
    "caching": "缓存相同输入的 LLM 响应",
    "parallel_execution": "并行运行独立分支",
    "selective_data": "只从 API 获取所需字段",
    "webhook_filtering": "在进入工作流之前过滤事件"
}

# 在环境变量中存储秘密
export N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY=your-encryption-key
export OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-...
export DATABASE_URL=postgresql://...

# 切勿在工作流中硬编码凭据
# 使用 n8n 内置的凭据系统

# 带 TLS 的反向代理
server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name n8n.yourdomain.com;
    
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://localhost:5678;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }
}