Playwright 2026: 比 Selenium 快 3 倍的跨浏览器自动化工具 — 安装指南

pip install playwright==1.51.0

# 安装浏览器二进制文件（Chromium、Firefox、WebKit）
playwright install

# 可选：仅安装 Chromium 以加快安装速度
playwright install chromium

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser = p.chromium.launch()
    page = browser.new_page()
    page.goto("https://httpbin.org/get")
    print(f"Title: {page.title()}")
    browser.close()

print("Playwright is ready!")

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def test_login_flow():
    with sync_playwright() as p:
        browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=True)
        context = browser.new_context(
            viewport={"width": 1920, "height": 1080}
        )
        page = context.new_page()
        
        # 导航到登录页面
        page.goto("https://httpbin.org/forms/post")
        
        # 填写表单字段（自动等待元素）
        page.fill("[name='custname']", "John Doe")
        page.fill("[name='custtel']", "555-1234")
        page.fill("[name='custemail']", "john@example.com")
        
        # 提交表单
        page.click("input[type='submit']")
        
        # 验证结果
        assert "John Doe" in page.content()
        
        context.close()
        browser.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    test_login_flow()
    print("Test passed!")

# conftest.py
import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def browser():
    with sync_playwright() as p:
        browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=True)
        yield browser
        browser.close()

@pytest.fixture
def page(browser):
    context = browser.new_context(
        viewport={"width": 1920, "height": 1080}
    )
    page = context.new_page()
    yield page
    context.close()

# test_ecommerce.py
def test_add_to_cart(page):
    page.goto("https://example.com/products")
    page.click("button[data-testid='add-to-cart']")
    
    # 自动等待购物车徽标更新
    cart_count = page.inner_text(".cart-badge")
    assert cart_count == "1"

def test_search_results(page):
    page.goto("https://example.com")
    page.fill("[name='q']", "laptop")
    page.press("[name='q']", "Enter")
    
    # 等待结果加载
    page.wait_for_selector(".search-result")
    results = page.query_selector_all(".search-result")
    assert len(results) > 0

# .github/workflows/playwright.yml
name: Playwright Tests
on: [push, pull_request]
jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
          python-version: "3.12"
      - run: pip install playwright==1.51.0 pytest
      - run: playwright install chromium
      - run: pytest --tracing=retain-on-failure
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        if: failure()
        with:
          name: playwright-traces
          path: test-results/

# 启动 codegen 并录制交互
playwright codegen https://example.com

# 使用特定视口录制
playwright codegen --viewport-size="1920,1080" https://example.com

# 使用特定语言录制
playwright codegen --target=python https://example.com

import asyncio
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright

async def scrape_multiple_pages():
    async with async_playwright() as p:
        browser = await p.chromium.launch()
        
        # 并发运行 5 个页面
        tasks = []
        for i in range(5):
            context = await browser.new_context()
            page = await context.new_page()
            task = page.goto(f"https://httpbin.org/get?page={i}")
            tasks.append(task)
        
        await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
        print("All pages loaded!")
        await browser.close()

asyncio.run(scrape_multiple_pages())

# 安装并行测试运行器
pip install pytest-xdist

# 在 4 个并行工作进程上运行测试
pytest -n 4 --headed

# 启用追踪以进行调试
pytest --tracing=on -n auto

# Dockerfile
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/playwright/python:v1.51.0-jammy

WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt

COPY tests/ ./tests/
CMD ["pytest", "-n", "4", "--tracing=retain-on-failure"]

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def test_with_mocked_api():
    with sync_playwright() as p:
        browser = p.chromium.launch()
        page = browser.new_page()
        
        # 拦截并模拟 API 响应
        page.route("**/api/products", lambda route: route.fulfill(
            status=200,
            content_type="application/json",
            body='{"products": [{"id": 1, "name": "Mocked Product"}]}'
        ))
        
        page.goto("https://example.com/products")
        assert "Mocked Product" in page.content()
        browser.close()

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
import json

def save_auth_state():
    with sync_playwright() as p:
        browser = p.chromium.launch()
        context = browser.new_context()
        page = context.new_page()
        
        # 执行一次登录
        page.goto("https://example.com/login")
        page.fill("#username", "admin")
        page.fill("#password", "secret")
        page.click("#login-button")
        page.wait_for_url("**/dashboard")
        
        # 保存认证状态
        context.storage_state(path="auth.json")
        browser.close()

def test_with_saved_auth():
    with sync_playwright() as p:
        browser = p.chromium.launch()
        # 复用已保存的认证
        context = browser.new_context(storage_state="auth.json")
        page = context.new_page()
        
        # 已登录 - 跳过登录流程
        page.goto("https://example.com/dashboard")
        assert "Welcome" in page.content()
        browser.close()

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def test_visual_regression():
    with sync_playwright() as p:
        browser = p.chromium.launch()
        page = browser.new_page(viewport={"width": 1920, "height": 1080})
        
        page.goto("https://example.com/landing")
        
        # 捕获并比较屏幕截图
        page.screenshot(path="landing.png", full_page=True)
        
        # 使用 pixelmatch 或类似工具与基线进行比较
        # assert compare_images("landing-baseline.png", "landing.png") < 0.1
        
        browser.close()

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

iphone = sync_playwright().start().devices["iPhone 14 Pro Max"]

def test_mobile_viewport():
    with sync_playwright() as p:
        browser = p.chromium.launch()
        context = browser.new_context(**p.devices["iPhone 14 Pro Max"])
        page = context.new_page()
        
        page.goto("https://example.com")
        page.screenshot(path="mobile-view.png")
        
        # 测试汉堡菜单交互
        page.click("[aria-label='Menu']")
        assert page.is_visible("nav.mobile-menu")
        
        browser.close()

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def test_api_contract():
    with sync_playwright() as p:
        browser = p.chromium.launch()
        page = browser.new_page()
        
        responses = []
        page.on("response", lambda r: responses.append(r))
        
        page.goto("https://example.com")
        
        # 验证特定的 API 调用已被执行
        api_calls = [r for r in responses if "/api/data" in r.url]
        assert len(api_calls) > 0
        
        # 验证响应状态
        assert api_calls[0].status == 200
        
        # 验证响应体结构
        body = api_calls[0].json()
        assert "data" in body
        
        browser.close()

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def scrape_with_stealth():
    with sync_playwright() as p:
        browser = p.chromium.launch(
            headless=True,
            args=["--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled"]
        )
        context = browser.new_context(
            user_agent="Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36"
        )
        
        # 注入隐身脚本以隐藏自动化标志
        page = context.new_page()
        page.add_init_script("""
            Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', {
                get: () => undefined
            });
        """)
        
        page.goto("https://example.com")
        print(page.title())
        browser.close()

pip install --upgrade playwright==1.51.0
playwright install